Fifth disease is usually a mild infection and at times goes undetected.

Here we go again with another one of those “breaking out” diseases of children. Fifth disease got its name from the fact that measles, German measles, similar illnesses of children with fever and distinctive rashes were labeled one, two, three etc. - so when it came to this particular one, it just ended up being number five. Hence, “fifth disease!” Fifth disease is usually a mild infection and at times goes undetected. When the rash does appear however, it is very distinctive. Caused by a virus named Parvovirus B19, this illness may be seen anywhere in the world. It is transmitted most often from an infected person by coughing or sneezing.

Symptoms:

• A mild cold and low-grade fever (less than 101 f) may precede the onset of the rash.
• The rash begins with very red cheeks the look as if though there had been a slap in the face.
• The rash spreads to other parts of the body, to the trunk, legs and arms, is red and has the appearance of lace.
• The rash may disappear in three to four days only to return periodically up to several weeks.
• Mild joint pains, especially of the ankles in children, may be noted.

Treatment:

Fifth disease is generally very mild and requires only supportive treatment, such as rest, fluids and analgesics for aching or fever if needed. Children may return to school or day care after the rash erupts, as they are no longer contagious.

Call the Doctor if:

• If the diagnosis is in doubt.
• Symptoms are prolonged and associated with fever and joint pain.
• The child with fifth disease comes in contact with a pregnant woman.

Fifth disease is mild, usually requires no treatment and is a common illness of childhood.  However, there can be consequences to the baby if a woman is exposed to the disuse during her pregnancy. In that case, a physician should be consulted.
It is doubtful if any one will want to have a “sixth disease” since five of them seem to be enough!

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