The term flu is used often to describe any illness that presents with aching, fever, cough and congestion.

In truth, however, most of these symptoms may be due to a number of viruses other than those that cause influenza. And that is fortunate, because, although highly uncomfortable, they do not result in the significant level of illness that influenza produces. Influenza is a significant disease caused by a category of viruses commonly labeled “A, B, and C.” Epidemics of influenza, commonly occurring during the winter months, are usually caused by either “A” or “B.” It is against these groups that the vaccines for influenza are directed. These vaccines should be given every year as the sub-types within these groups change frequently and immunity generally lasts for just one season.

Influenza is especially hard on the very young and the very old.

Symptoms:

• Influenza usually has a sudden onset with fatigue, fever, headache, muscle aches, chills and dry hacking cough the predominant symptoms.
• On occasion, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea may occur.
• Infants and young children may be very sick and develop croup or pneumonia.
• In some instances, seizures, encephalitis and altered states of awareness may be noted as well.

Treatment:

• Anti-viral drugs are available to treat influenza and may be useful for treating children older than one year of age. Such medications are to be prescribed only by medical personnel familiar with their use.
• Acetaminophen and/or ibuprofen are helpful for treating fever and aching.
• Increase oral fluids.
• Make room and bed as comfortable as possible. Soft lighting and favorite music helps.
• Do Not Use Aspirin in any form. Use of aspirin, especially for treating the symptoms of influenza, has been associated with a condition known as Reye’s syndrome, a very serious illness.

Prevention:

• Influenza vaccine. Several forms exist and some children may be eligible to use the nasal form of the vaccine.
• The incubation period is 2-4 days so avoid contact with persons ill with influenza if at all possible. Use careful hand washing techniques and cover coughs and sneezes with tissues or forearm – not hand!

Influenza occurs everywhere in the world and is caused by pretty crafty viruses that have the ability to change their genetic code frequently. This is the reason that new variations of the influenza vaccine are needed and is one reason why the vaccines are needed every year. The virus is spread by droplets from sneezing and coughing and by touch. Complications of influenza may at times be severe, especially in young children. The best treatment is prevention so make sure everyone in your household is properly immunized every year. And remember – many things are called “Flu!” Influenza, however, is the real thing so make plans now to avoid it the next time the “flu” season comes around.

By Dr. Olson Huff

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